Lecture#1 ka Point#62 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

.NET Framework(C#) me tamam primitive data types object ki form me hoti hain.

Hum visual basic 6 me ya C++ me kehtey thay k hum ne kisi bhi cheez ka object bna liya ya yeh bhi kehtey thay k object pass kr diya lakin ab se hum isey object nahi kahen ge balkey isey hum instance kahen ge. Instance ka matlab hai Copy. Jitni bhi cheezey jo hum C# me create kre ge woh object nahi balkey instance kehlaye gi. C#.NET me by-default every thing is object.

Humney apney Lecture#1 k Point#61 me aik chota sa program likha tha aur is program ki line#12 me byte b = 100; likha tha to b humare pass byte ka instance hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#61 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Open visual studio → Click "File" → Select "New Project" → Window on left side → Console application(visual C#)

Program:- (Program.cs)
1	using System;
2	using System.Collections.Generic;
3	using System.Linq;
4	using System.Text;
5	using System.Threading.Tasks;
6	namespace ConsoleApplication1
7	{
8	class Program
9	{
10	Static Void Main(String[] args)
11	{
12	byte b = 100;
13	Console.WriteLine(b);
14	Console.ReadLine();
15	}
16	}
17	}
Output: 100

Lecture#1 ka Point#60 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Jab hum very first time kisi user ko apni C# ki application deploy krtey hain production phase me nahi balkey test phase me aur usey boltey hain k application pe load dalo aur check kro k application kitna load bardasht kr sakti hai. Hum user ko samjhatey hain k application ki kisi makhsoos functionality ko mat cherna to user sab se pehley usi makhsoos functionality ko cherta hai jis ka usey mana kiya gya hota hai, to isko hum "Gorilla Testing" kehtey hain.

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Lecture#1 ka Point#59 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

C# me "Muhammad Shumail Cheema" string ko store krne k liye memory me 23 "IO(Input-Output)" operations perform hotey hain ya hum yeh bhi keh saktey hain k memory me 23 "Read" aur "Write" k operations perform hotey hain.

String k hr individual character pe 1 "IO(Input-Output)" operation perform hota hai.

Jab humara string 20 bytes se barh jaye ga to memory me 40 bytes ka 1 new string ban jaye ga aur purana string jo 20 bytes ka tha woh is 40 bytes waley string me copy ho jaye ga aur us k baad automatically remove ho jaye ga.

Lecture#1 ka Point#58 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Question: String="Muhammad Shumail Cheema" memory me kitne bytes space occupy kre ga?

Answer: Total 23 characters use ho rhey hain is String me (space ko mila k) lakin yeh String 23 bytes ka nahi hoga balkey 40 bytes ka hoga.

1 character ≠ 1byte = 20bytes(String).

21 character ≠ 21byte = 40bytes(String).

Lecture#1 ka Point#57 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Hum Csharp me"String data type" alpha-numeric values ko store krwane k liye use krtey hain. Jab hum "String data type" initialize krtey hain to yeh by-default memory me 20 bytes space occupy kr leta hai aur jesey hi humara string 20 bytes se barh jata hai to yeh memory me 40 bytes space occupy kr leta hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#56 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar humey C# me Float, Double aur Decimal data types me "±" sign store krwana hai to 1bit humari "." sign store krne k liye reserve ho jaye gi aur 1bit "±" sign store krne k liye reserve ho jaye gi aur "±" sign store krne ki wajah se range pe bhi farq parey ga.

Lecture#1 ka Point#55 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

C# me double aur decimal data types me bhi hum 1 bit "." sign ko store krne k liye reserve kre ge. "Double data type" humare pass (8bytes = 64bits) ki hogi jab k "Decimal data type" humare pass (16bytes = 128bits) ki hogi. Float, Double aur Decimal data types me signed aur unsigned ka koi chakar nai hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#54 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

"Float data type" me (4bytes = 32bits) hongey. 32 bits me se 1 bit ".(Dot ya Decimal)" sign store krne k liye use hogi. Baki remaining 31 bits me numbers store hongey. 1 bit jis me "." sign store ho rha hai woh left side pe hogi ya phir right side pe hogi. Agar "." sign left side pe hoga to baki remaining 31 bits me jo number store hoga woh boht chota number hoga aur agar "." sign right side pe hoga to baki remaining 31 bits jo hongey un me jo number store hoga woh "integer" hoga ya hum yeh bhi keh saktey hain k "integer" se thora kam hoga kyun k 1 bit me "." store hoga. Float ki maximum range "32767" hogi. "65535" float ki maximum range nahi hogi kyun k 1 bit me "." store ho rha hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#53 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Hum C# me float, double aur decimal data types ko decimal values store krwane k liye use krtey hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#52 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

C#(.NET Framework) me "char data type" 2 bytes ki is liye hoti hai k yeh "UNICODE" ko bhi support krti hai. "UNICODE" ka matlab hai k "multilingual" ya "multiple languages" (For Example: French, Urdu, Chinese, German etc).

"UNICODE" k character set ki range 40,000+ hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#51 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

C language ya C++ language me "char data type" 1 byte ki hoti hai jab k C#.NET(.NET Framework) me "char data type" 2 bytes ki hoti hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#50 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

C# me hum poora ASCII table 1 byte me store kr saktey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#49 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Primitive Data Types:-

Type	Size in Byte
bool	1
sbyte	1
byte	1
short	2
ushort	2
int	4
uint	4
long	8
ulong	8
char	2
float	4
double	8
decimal	16
string	20+

Lecture#1 ka Point#48 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Hum C# me signed byte data type k liye "sbyte", unsigned byte data type k liye "byte", signed short data type k liye "short", unsigned short data type k liye "ushort", signed integer data type k liye "int", unsigned integer data type k liye "uint", signed long data type k liye "long" aur unsigned long data type k liye "ulong" k keywords use kren ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#47 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

C# me signed integer data type ki range -2147483648 se +2147483647 hogi jab k combinations wohi 4294967296 hi hon ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#46 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me signed short data type ki range -32768 se +32767 tk hogi jab k combinations wohi 65536 hi hon ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#45 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

C# me signed aur unsigned data type ka concept short, integer aur long data type k liye bhi wohi hai jo byte data type k liye hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#44 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp me jo "byte data type" jis me humney 1 bit sign k liye reserve na ki ho usey hum "unsigned byte data type" kehtey hain jis ki range 0 se 255 hoti hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#43 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

C# me "signed byte data type" ki range -128 se +127 hogi jab k combinations wohi 256 rahey ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#42 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me agar hum 1byte = 8bit me se koi 1bit jo left position pe ho ya right position pe jo k most significant bit hai us ko reserve kr letey hain (+ ya -) sign store krne k liye to isko hum "signed byte data type" kahen ge.

1byte=

±

0 bit

1 bit

1 bit

0 bit

0 bit

1 bit

0 bit

Lecture#1 ka Point#41 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Lecture#1 me humney Csharp(C#) ki jitni bhi data types ki baat ki hai woh positive numbers store krne k liye ki hai(For example: 1byte = 0 se +255).

Lecture#1 ka Point#40 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar hum "Facebook" application ki baat kre to is application k millions of users hain aur agar humney "byte data type" ki jagah "long data type" use ki jab k "byte data type" humari requirement ko fullfil kr rhi hai to aap millions of users ko (8byte = long data type) se multiply kr len to jitne "GB(Gigabyte)" space aye ga woh memory humey extra required hogi apney us variable ko store krwane k liye. Humari jitni bhi applications fail hoti hain woh isi wajah se fail hoti hain kyun k hum ne apni application ko optimize nahi kiya hota.

Lecture#1 ka Point#39 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar aap ko Csharp(C#) me number 100 store krwana hai aur us k liye aap "long data type" use kr rhe hain to iska matlab yeh hua k aap apne resource ko misuse kr rhe hain aur is ki wajah se app ki Csharp(C#) application ki performance pe farq parhey ga(performance slow ho jaye gi) aur "IO(Input-Output)" ka process time barh jaye ga aur iski wajah se aap ki memory me zyada space occupy hoga.

Lecture#1 ka Point#38 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me "primitive data types" ka matlab hai built-in data types yani k jo Csharp(C#) me pehley se bni bnai data types aap k pass mojood hain aur hum ne sirf in primitive data types ko use krna hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#37 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me Byte, Short, Integer aur Long data types numeric values k liye use hoti hain. In ko hum "Primitive Data Types" bhi kehtey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#36 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me "Long data type" maximum 8 bytes ki hoti hai. Is me hum (2⁶⁴ - 1) store krwa saktey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#35 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar humey Csharp(C#) me 4 byte se bari ya phir (2³²-1) se bari value  store krwani hai to us k liye hum Csharp(C#) me "integer data type" use nahi kre ge balkey "long data type" use kre ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#34 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

"Short data type" humare pass Csharp(C#) me maximum 2 bytes hogi.
Hum "integer data type" me maximum value (2³²-1 = 4294967295) store krwa saktey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#33 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

"C#.NET" me 4 byte ko hum "integer data type" kehtey hain ya hum yeh bhi keh saktey hain k "integer data type" maximum 4 bytes ki hogi.

Lecture#1 ka Point#32 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar humare pass Csharp(C#) me 1 value hai jo 1 lakh(1 lac) se zyada hai aur usey hum memory me store krwana chahtey hain to yeh value 2 bytes me store nai ho gi. Is k liye hum Csharp(C#) me "integer data type" use kren ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#31 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Range humare pass hamesha odd numbers me hogi jab k combinations humare pass even numbers me hon ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#30 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar hum C# me 2 bytes ki baat kren to humare pass "0" se "65535" ki range baney gi aur humare pass "65536" combinations baney ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#29 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

2⁰ + 2¹ + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ = 255(Maximum value of 1 byte Csharp(C#) me)

2⁰ + 2¹ + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸ + 2⁹ + 2¹⁰ + 2¹¹ + 2¹² + 2¹³ + 2¹⁴ + 2¹⁵ = 65535(Maximum value of 2 byte Csharp(C#) me)

Lecture#1 ka Point#28 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

"C#.NET framework" me jo 2 byte k liye data type available hai woh hai "short data type".

Lecture#1 ka Point#27 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Hum Csharp(C#) me kisi bhi character ko denote kr saktey hain 1 byte k ander.
Agar humari requirement "255" se barh jaye gi to hum us k liye Csharp(C#) me "byte data type" use nahi kren ge balkey hum us k liye "short data type" jisey hum "double data type" bhi kehtey hain, woh use kren ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#26 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me agar 1 byte me "65" number store hua hai to is ka matlab yeh "A" ko represent kr rha hai jis ki wajah se hum byte ko "Adressable Data Type" kehtey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#25 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar hum Csharp(C#) me (0 se 255) numbers ki baat kre aur hum characters ya keys ki baat kre to hum ASCII table dekh k bta saktey hain k kis character ya key ko konsa number represent kr rha hoga.

Lecture#1 ka Point#24 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

ASCII table me humarey pass numbers ki range (0 se 255) hai aur her number kisi keyboard ki key ko represent kr rha hota hai like: "242" number "=" ko represent kr rha hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#23 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

ASCII table me humarey jitney bhi keyboard pe keys hoti hain un k kuch numbers diye gye hotey hain like: "a" ka number "97" hai aur "A" ka number "65" hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#22 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me jitni bhi data types bani hain woh "bit" aur "byte" ko use krtey huwey bani hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#21 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me 365 humarey pass 2 bytes me store hoga jab k hum 2 bytes me maximum (255*2 = 510) value store krwa saktey hain.
365 humara 1 byte se zyada aur 2 byte se kam he to hum Csharp(C#) me fraction me (For example: 1.32bytes) kr k data type store nahi krwa saktey.

Lecture#1 ka Point#20 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) Programming me jo sab se pehley data types introduce hui thi woh "bit" aur "byte" hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#19 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Jab humey Csharp(C#) me apni age store krwani thi to us k liye 1 byte boht tha lakin jab humey 365 days in a year store krwane thay to 1 byte humari requirement ko fullfil nahi kr rha tha to hum byte ki jagah koi aur data type use kren ge.

Lecture#1 ka Point#18 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

humey Csharp(C#) me apni requirement k hisab se apni data type select krni hogi.

Lecture#1 ka Point#17 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar hum Csharp(C#) ki "byte data type" me 1 year me 365 days ko memory me store krwaye ge to woh store nahi ho sakta kyun k hum 1 byte me maximum 255 ki value ko store krwa saktey hain jb k yahan hum 365 ko store krwa rhe hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#16 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar hum Csharp(C#) me apni age store krna chah rhey hain to us k liye 1byte boht hoga.

Lecture#1 ka Point#15 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Humarey pass Csharp(C#) me 1 byte=8 bits ki jo range baney gi woh (0 - 255) hogi.

Lecture#1 ka Point#14 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me 1 byte me humarey pass 8 bits hoti hain jis me "0" aur "1" k (2⁸ = 256) combinations baney ge jis me hum maximum 255 numbers store krwa saktey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#13 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me 4 bit me humarey pass "0" aur "1" k "16" combinations baney ge jis me hum maximum "15" numbers store krwa saktey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#12 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

1st bit = 2⁰ = 1   (0, 1) => total 2 combinations.
2nd bit = 2¹ = 2   (00, 01, 10, 11) => total 4 combinations.
3rd bit = 2² = 4   (000, 001, 011, 010, 100, 111, 110) => total 8 combinations.
4th bit = 2³ = 8   (0000, 0001, 0011, 0111, 0110, 0100, 0101, 1000, 1001, 1011, 1010, 1100, 1110, 1111) => total 16 combinations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Csharp(C#) me total (1+2+4+8 =15) numbers 4 bits me store ho saktey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#11 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

1 bit me Csharp(C#) me humarey pass "0" ya "1" hota hai aur bit ki probablity 2 hogi. Iska matlab yeh hai k 1 bit me ya to "0" hoga ya phir "1" hoga.

Lecture#1 ka Point#10 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Jab hum Csharp(C#) me 8 bits ko mila de ge to humarey pass 1 byte bne ga.

Lecture#1 ka Point#9 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Smallest addressable unit of memory humarey pass Csharp(C#) me "byte" hota hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#8 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Jo data humarey pass Csharp(C#) me "0" aur "1" ki form me memory me store hota hai usey hum "bit" kehtey hain jo k memory ka smallest unit hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#7 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Hum jb memory ki baat krtey hain Csharp(C#) me chahey woh koi si bhi memory ho(chahey woh virtual memory ho, RAM ho, ROM ho, hard disk ho, CD ho, DVD ho, USB ho etc...)kisi bhi form me memory ho, data jo store hota hai memory me woh "0" aur "1" ki form me hota hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#6 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Csharp(C#) me data k opper jb hum koi process krtey hain to woh information me convert ho jata hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#5 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Kisi bhi information ko humey Csharp(C#) me use krne k liye ya phir us ko process krne k liye ya save krwaney k liye humey usey kahin na kahin temporary tor pe process kerwana perhta hai ta k hum usey kahin na kahin board me le aur phir us k opper kuch process krey aur phir jb woh process ho k woh jo data hai jb woh information me convert ho jaye to phir hum us information ko bhi store kr letey hain.

Lecture#1 ka Point#4 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Humare Pass C#.NET Framework me 2 type ki Data types hoti hain.
(1)- Primitive Data types.
(2)- Abstract Data types.

Lecture#1 ka Point#3 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Humare pass multiple languages hain jisey .NET Framework support krta hai, like: C++, visual basic, C#, J#, F#(2010) etc.

Lecture#1 ka Point#2 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Agar Csharp(C#) me kisi bhi class ko "System.Windows.Forms.Form" se inherit kr de ge to woh class humarey pass form banjaye gi. "System.Windows.Forms.Form" me System, Windows aur Forms humarey pass namespaces hain aur Form humarey pass class hai.

Lecture#1 ka Point#1 (Csharp Roman Hindi/Urdu Me).

Hum jo bhi cheez ya application bnatey hain .NET Framework me woh sab .NET assemblies kehlati hain chahey woh Dynamic Link Library(.DLL) file ho ya phir executable(.EXE) file.